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本文对出自《论语·阳货》的语典“坚白”、“磷缁”在旧体诗中的使用情况进行考察和分析。原文“不曰坚乎?磨而不磷;不曰白乎?涅而不缁。”是孔子表明自己纵事叛臣,亦不会为浊乱所污。这一语典的用例起初均与仕隐矛盾相关,“坚白”比喻君子志行坚贞,光风霁月,比喻义是“坚白”一词的本义,字面义“坚硬洁白”是其引申用法。“磷缁”比喻随波逐流,与世推移,在诗歌中的用例始于谢灵运。“磨涅”比喻官场浸淫,时俗考验。及至南宋文天祥对岳飞砚铭含义的阐释及其成仁取义的事迹,赋予了“持坚守白,不磷不缁”新的内涵,除传统的清白坚贞、不忘初心、不随波逐流以外,更增添了宁折不弯的民族气节。抗日战争时期,同样面临民族危亡的文人学者们也借用这一古老的语典来表明自己对气节的坚守。
This article examines and analyzes the usage of the “坚 白” and “缁 缁” in the old poem from the Analects of Confucius. The original article “does not mean that it does not adhere to phosphorus; it does not mean it is white or nirvana.” It is Confucius who shows himself as a vicious rebellion and will not pollute the chaos. The use cases of this dictionary are all initially related to the contradictions of implied stare, “Hard white” analogy of gentleman's line firm, light breeze month, metaphorical meaning is “hard white ” the original meaning of literal meaning White “is its extended usage. ”Phosphorus “ metaphor with drifting, the passing of the world, the use cases in poetry began Xie Lingyun. ”Nirvana “ Metaphor official immersion, time-tested. To the interpretation of the meaning of the Yue-Fei Yan Ming by the Southern Song Dynasty and the achievement of its righteous accomplishments gave the new connotation of ”holding to the ground whiteness and non-discordance", in addition to the traditional innocence and firmness, More added rather than bending the national integrity. During the period of the Anti-Japanese War, scholars and scholars who also faced the nation's danger also borrowed this ancient dictionary to show their commitment to integrity.