小儿重症肺炎死亡率仍较高,如能及时诊断和正确处理,可使死亡率明显下降。现将小儿几种常见的重症肺炎的诊治方法介绍如下。新生儿肺炎可分为两大类,一类为吸入性肺炎,另一类为感染性肺炎。一、吸入性肺炎的诊断(一)病因为胎儿在宫内或出生过程中吸入羊水,或被胎粪污染的羊水。(二)出生时有窒息史,复苏后呼吸不规则,绝大多数在24小时内出现气促、青紫、口吐泡沫,一般无咳嗽。胎粪吸入者,皮肤、指甲和口腔可能被胎粪染黄。肺部可有湿罗音。(三)鉴别诊断:1.需要与呼吸窘迫综合症(RDS)鉴别。此病好发于早产儿。宫内窒息,胎盘早剥是诱发本病的 Severe pneumonia in children is still high mortality rate, if timely diagnosis and correct treatment, can significantly reduce the mortality rate. Now several common pediatric pneumonia diagnosis and treatment methods are described below. Neonatal pneumonia can be divided into two categories, one is aspiration pneumonia, the other is infectious pneumonia. First, the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia (a) the cause of the fetus in the uterus or during birth aspiration of amniotic fluid, or meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid. (B) history of asphyxia at birth, resuscitation irregular breathing, the vast majority of shortness of breath within 24 hours, bruising, vomiting foam, generally no cough. Meconium inhalers, skin, nails and mouth may be yellowish meconium. The lungs may have wet rales. (C) differential diagnosis: 1. Needs and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) identification. The disease occurs in premature children. Intrauterine asphyxia, placental abruption is induced by this disease