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目的以杂交波尔山羊为实验对象,进行宫内手术制备先天性腭裂动物模型,为研究先天性腭裂畸形对面中部发育的影响及早期宫内修复提供适合的动物模型。方法取20只8～12月龄雌性杂交波尔山羊,体重35～55kg,以配种日期定为孕0d,于孕30d经B超确认怀孕后随机分为两组。实验组14只于孕65d行宫内手术,形成胎羊口鼻腔穿通腭裂;对照组6只不作处理,作为正常对照。于孕120d及出生后1、3个月,行大体观察以及头颅CT三维重建,测量上颌最前磨牙前方的两侧凹陷处间距(PPMM),并以此线为基准测量上颌骨最前点至此线的垂直距离(APMM)。结果术后实验组山羊因并发症死亡2只,流产3只,最终造模成功9只;手术成功率为64.3%。除孕120d取出胎羊外,两组均顺利产下小羊。实验组在孕120d时即出现上颌发育不足,出生后1、3个月更明显不足;对照组上颌骨发育正常。两组各时间点PPMM及APMM比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组6只小羊存活1～4个月;均因小羊咀嚼功能差,不能正常吮吸母乳,常发生误吸,导致肺部感染死亡。结论采用宫内手术方法切除部分次生腭中线处组织造成口鼻腔穿通,可制备先天性腭裂山羊模型。
Objective To study the effects of congenital cleft palate deformity on the development of midface and the early intrauterine reparation by means of intrauterine surgically prepared hybrid goats. Methods Twenty female Boer goats aged 8-12 months old weighing 35-55 kg were enrolled in this study. The pregnant days were 0 days. The pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups at the 30th day after pregnancy. The experimental group of 14 only intrauterine surgery in 65d pregnant, the formation of fetal sheep mouth nasal cavity through the cleft palate; control group 6 without treatment, as a normal control. At 120 days of gestation and one and three months after birth, gross observation and three-dimensional cranial CT reconstruction were performed to measure the distance (PPMM) between the two sides of the anterior maxillary maxillary molars. Based on this line, the maximal forward point of the maxilla was measured Vertical distance (APMM). Results In the experimental group, 2 goats died of complications, 3 aborted ones, and 9 were successful in the final model. The success rate of operation was 64.3%. In addition to fetus fetus removed 120d, both groups were successfully delivered lambs. In the experimental group, maxillary hypoplasia occurred on the 120th day of gestation, but was obviously less than the first and third months after birth. The maxillary growth was normal in the control group. PPMM and APMM at each time point between the two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Six lambs in the experimental group survived for 1 to 4 months; both had mild mastication and were unable to suck breast milk normally, aspiration and aspiration often led to the death of pulmonary infection. Conclusion Intrauterine surgically resection of part of the secondary palate midline at the organization caused by oral and nasal puncture can be prepared congenital cleft palate goat model.