真正的全球性国际体系问世于 19和 2 0世纪之交 ,其根本特征除了在地理上囊括全世界外 ,就在于出现了以非欧现代强国为中心的非欧现代区域性国际体系。其中由来较久的是以美国为中心的美洲体系 ,它植根于美国独立前后生成的美洲体系观念 ,经门罗主义的问世、大陆领土扩张以及颇大程度上靠军事干涉确立的泛美控制 ,到世纪之交完全形成。另一个大致同时兴起的非欧现代区域国际体系是以美、日、俄三强竞争为中心的东亚太平洋体系 ,它源于一个多世纪里世界政治的最重大事态之一———美国和俄苏逐渐成为超级强国 ,也源于区域内一个传统的非西方国家———日本跃升现代强国之列。美洲和东亚太平洋这两大非欧体系各自同欧洲体系之间有着重要的复杂关系 ,并构成世纪之交问世的全球体系最基本的内在联系 The emergence of a truly global international system at the turn of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in addition to its geographical feature encompassing the entire world, lies in the emergence of a non-European modern regional international system centered on non-European modern powers. The longer-established U.S. system centered on the United States is rooted in the American system concept that emerged before and after the independence of the United States. With the advent of Monroeanism, the expansion of the mainland’s territory and the Pan-American control largely established through military intervention , Completely formed by the turn of the century. Another roughly non-European modern regional international system that has emerged at roughly the same time is the East Asia Pacific system centered on the three competitions among the United States, Japan and Russia. It originated from one of the most important developments in world politics in more than a century - the United States and Russia The Soviet Union gradually became a superpower as well as a traditional non-Western country in the region - Japan jumped into the ranks of the modern powers. The two non-European systems, the Americas and the East Asia-Pacific, each have an important and complex relationship with the European system and constitute the most basic internal linkages of the global system that the advent of the turn of the century