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辽河油田超稠油具有高密度、高黏度、高凝固点、高胶质沥青质含量的特点,其开发方式以蒸汽吞吐为主,SAGD、蒸汽驱为辅,已连续13年保持百万吨产量规模。但在开发过程中,出现了高浓度硫化氢气体,严重威胁到油区员工的身体健康,并对环境造成污染。几种开发方式中,蒸汽吞吐井硫化氢浓度相对较低,SAGD、蒸汽驱油井由于高温高压蒸汽的长期作用,硫化氢浓度较高,达到吞吐井硫化氢浓度的5倍左右。对于硫化氢成因,认为主要有两方面原因:一是超稠油中的含硫化合物在高温高压条件下发生热裂解反应,生成大量硫化氢;二是采油助剂中的磺酸盐类表面活性剂受热分解,产生少量硫化氢。针对硫化氢污染,通过引进新型表面活性剂,减少了硫化氢的释放,通过开展现场干法脱硫试验,有效处理了超稠油井伴生气中的硫化氢。
The heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield is characterized by high density, high viscosity, high freezing point and high gypsum asphaltene content. Its development mode is steam huff and puff, supplemented by SAGD and steam flooding. It has maintained the production scale of 1 million tons for 13 consecutive years . However, during the development process, high concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas appeared, which seriously threatened the health of employees in the oil area and polluted the environment. In several development methods, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the steam stimulation well is relatively low. Due to the long-term effect of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the SAGD and steam flooding wells is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in the stimulation well. For the cause of hydrogen sulfide, that there are two main reasons: First, the super-heavy oil sulfur compounds under high temperature and pressure conditions pyrolysis reaction generated a large number of hydrogen sulfide; the second is sulfonates in oil additives additives surface activity Agent thermal decomposition, resulting in a small amount of hydrogen sulfide. Aiming at the pollution of hydrogen sulfide, the introduction of new surfactants can reduce the release of hydrogen sulfide. Through the on-site dry desulfurization test, hydrogen sulfide in associated gas of extra-heavy oil wells is effectively treated.