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目的研究水平面和垂直面紫外线暴露的差异,分析雪反射对两者的影响。方法采用紫外线监测仪在辽宁省沈阳地区(东经123°27’,北纬41°51’)冬季的雪前、雪后以及夏季的晴好天气进行了水平面和垂直面紫外线暴露的实地监测。结果沈阳地区冬季的雪前与雪后以及夏季水平面环境紫外线日间分布规律均呈钟型曲线,与传统认知相一致,半小时累积剂量在正午达到最高值,分别约为15、17和93 kJ/m2;垂直面环境紫外线日间分布规律,在冬季雪前和雪后与水平面相似,为单峰钟型曲线,但在夏季则明显不同,呈现双峰规律,半小时累积剂量最高值分别出现在上午7:30～8:00(11 kJ/m2)和下午15:00～15:30(12 kJ/m2);雪后水平面紫外线累积剂量略高于雪前(增加约13.9%),而垂直面紫外线累积剂量则明显高于雪前(增加约98.0%),甚至高于夏季,比夏季增加了约61.7%。结论夏季早晚时间段以及冬季雪后,人体近似垂直面解剖部位,特别是眼部的紫外线暴露防护不容忽视。
Objective To study the difference of UV exposure between horizontal and vertical planes and analyze the influence of snow reflection on them. Methods The horizontal and vertical ultraviolet exposure monitoring was conducted by UV monitor in the winter of 123 ° 27 ’east latitude and 41 ° 51’N north latitude, and after snow and summer. Results The distribution patterns of UV in daytime before and after snow and summer in Shenyang showed a bell-shaped curve, which accorded with the traditional cognition. The cumulated dose in half an hour reached the highest at noon, reaching 15, 17 and 93 kJ / m2. The vertical distribution of UV light in the vertical plane was similar to the horizontal plane before and after snow in winter, but it was a monomodal bell-shaped curve in summer but distinctly different in summer with bimodal law and the highest cumulative dose in half hour (11 kJ / m2) and 15:00 ~ 15:30 (12 kJ / m2) at 7:30 am to 8:00 am. The accumulative dose of ultraviolet radiation in the horizontal plane after snowfall was slightly higher than that in the snow front (about 13.9% increase) However, the cumulative UV dose in the vertical plane was significantly higher than that in the snow front (about 98.0% increase), even higher than in the summer and about 61.7% more than in the summer. Conclusion In the morning and evening time of summer and the winter snow, the protection of the exposed parts of the human body near the vertical plane, especially the eyes, can not be ignored.