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研究基于运动员退役的过程理论,对我国运动员的退役意识、心理状态和应对策略进行定量分析。研究对789名运动员进行了调查,按照运动员年龄、训练年限和性别,对其生活中的心理状态和退役应对策略进行了分析。另外,对打算退役和不打算退役的运动员进行退役意识、心理状态和应对策略的分析。结果发现,运动员随着年龄的增加对自己的运动员角色认知下降,退役准备的认知会增加;产生退役的想法与生活的心理状态有关。对打算退役运动员的心理状态进行分析,发现运动员在自我评介、生活满意度和社会支持的认知方面,都表现出差于不打算退役的运动员,而且,生活焦虑和孤独感明显增加。研究还发现,女性运动员的心理状态较差,主要表现在生活焦虑方面。在应对退役的策略方面,运动员采用回避的应对方式多于积极的应对方式,尤其是女性运动员,采用回避的应对方式更为突出。基于以上这些发现,从社会心理学角度,讨论了我国运动员退役过程的心理问题。
Based on the process theory of retired athletes, this study quantitatively analyzes the retired consciousness, psychological state and coping strategies of Chinese athletes. The study conducted a survey of 789 athletes, according to the age of athletes, training years and gender, their psychological state of life and decommissioning strategies were analyzed. In addition, the intention to retire and do not intend to retired athletes awareness of retirement, psychological status and coping strategies. The results showed that athletes ’cognitive decline of their athletes’ roles with age increased their cognitive readiness to retire; the idea of retirement was related to the psychological state of life. The mental states of the athletes who intend to retired are analyzed. The results show that the athletes showed worse performance than the athletes who did not intend to retire in the aspects of self-evaluation, life satisfaction and social cognition. Moreover, life anxiety and loneliness increased significantly. The study also found that the female athlete’s psychological state is poor, mainly in the aspects of life anxiety. In response to the strategy of retirement, athletes use to avoid the coping style than the positive coping styles, especially female athletes, the use of evasive coping style is more prominent. Based on the above findings, from the perspective of social psychology, the psychological problems of the process of retired athletes in our country are discussed.