恶性肿瘤的胸膜转移或胸膜本身的恶性肿瘤所致的胸腔积液称为恶性胸腔积液。这是恶性肿瘤常见的晚期表现。事实上,除原发于大脑者外,几乎所有恶性肿瘤都可以并发胸腔积液,而原发于乳腺或支气管肺组织者约半数可并发胸腔积液。引起胸腔积液最常见的转移癌为肺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和淋巴瘤。恶性胸腔积液为渗出液,并有增长迅速与复发的特点,对肿瘤病人是个巨大的消耗;大量的胸腔积液引起压迫性肺不张、限制性通气障碍、呼 Malignant pleural effusions caused by pleural metastases or pleural malignancies are called malignant pleural effusions. This is a common late manifestation of malignant tumors. In fact, almost all malignant tumors can develop pleural effusions in addition to the primary brain, whereas about half of the primary breast or bronchopulmonary tissue can develop pleural effusions. The most common metastatic cancers that cause pleural effusions are lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lymphoma. Malignant pleural effusion is exudate, and has the characteristics of rapid growth and recurrence. It is a huge consumption of cancer patients; a large number of pleural effusions cause oppressive atelectasis, restrictive ventilation disorders, and call