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“不可靠叙述”是韦恩.布思在1961年首次提出,之后成为西方文学理论研究的一个热点术语。对“不可靠叙述”这个术语的定义虽然众说纷纭、莫衷一是,但各种定义具有一个共同点,那就是“不可靠叙述”至少包括叙述者与作者、叙述者与读者、叙述者与文本世界、叙述者与其他叙述者这四个方面的关系,这是“不可靠叙述”的核心内容。在此,通过对《苍老的浮云》、《秦腔》等作品的分析,提出了“不可靠叙述”对于读者的两种审美效应:一是通过在读者和叙述者之间达到“间离化”效果,促使读者进行审美反思;二是将读者的情感引向小说背后“客观”的隐含读者,从而和隐含读者产生认同。
“Unreliable Narrative ” was first introduced by Wayne Booth in 1961 and later became a hot topic in the study of western literary theory. Although the definition of the term “unreliable narrative” is mixed, there is a lack of agreement on the definition of the term “unreliable narration,” which at least includes the narrator and author, narrator and reader, narrator and The textual world, narrator and other narrator of these four aspects of the relationship, which is “unreliable narrative ” of the core content. Here, through the analysis of works such as Old Cloud and Qinqiang, two aesthetic effects of “unreliable narration ” for the readers are proposed: one is to achieve the readers’ Ionization “effect, prompting the reader to reflect on the aesthetic; second is to lead the reader’s feelings behind the implied reader ” objective "behind the novel, so as to identify with the implied reader.