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目的:探讨小檗碱预防颈动脉粥样硬化形成的作用机制。方法:将24只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成3组:正常组、颈动脉粥样硬化组(模型组)、小檗碱预防组(小檗碱组)。正常组给予正常饮食,模型组行高脂饲料喂养加颈动脉内膜空气干燥术建立颈动脉粥样硬化模型,小檗碱组在给予模型组相同处理的同时灌服小檗碱。术后4周麻醉处死,取颈动脉组织行HE染色、NF-κBP65免疫组织化学染色、RT-PCR法测NF-κBP65mRNA表达水平。结果:模型组血管病变以泡沫细胞为主,有动脉粥样斑块形成;小檗碱组血管主要显示内膜明显增厚,有少量泡沫细胞;小檗碱组NF-κBP65阳性细胞数密度高于正常组(P<0.05),明显低于模型组(P<0.05);RT-PCR半定量分析发现,小檗碱组NF-κBP65/β-actin扩增带吸光度值比值高于正常组(P<0.05),而明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:小檗碱可能通过抑制NF-κB活性,降低组织中NF-κB含量,预防颈动脉粥样硬化形成。
Objective: To explore the mechanism of berberine in preventing the formation of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group, carotid atherosclerosis group (model group) and berberine prevention group (berberine group). The normal group was given normal diet. The model group was given high-fat diet feeding and carotid intima-air-drying method to establish carotid atherosclerosis model. The berberine group was given the same treatment with berberine at the same time. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after operation and the carotid arteries were harvested for HE staining and NF-κBp65 immunohistochemical staining. The expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results: The vascular lesions in model group were predominantly foam cells with atherosclerotic plaque formation. The vessels in berberine group mainly showed thickening of intima with a few foam cells. The number density of NF-κBP65 positive cells in berberine group was high (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the ratio of NF-κBp65 / β-actin in the berberine group was higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05) P <0.05), but significantly lower than the model group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Berberine may prevent the formation of carotid atherosclerosis by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB, decreasing the content of NF-κB in the tissue.