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明祟祯十七年三月十九日,李自成破北京,明思宗自缢,明北都覆亡,四月十三日吳三桂迎清兵入關擊敗李自成農民起义軍,五月一日入北京,开始了滿族對中國的統治。一般人論明亡後史事,都歸之於南明史範圍,大略限於江南地區,而且隨残明封建統制阶级的勢力逐漸縮小以至於結束。實在說,當時的反滿抗清運動。是在全国普遍的开展着,若只就殘明統治勢力所能達到的區域去看,未免僅得一偏,不能概全,山東河北的農民武裝起義,和滿清统治者鬥爭的劇烈,較之江南各省,有過之而無不及,這是因为滿清統治者,对華北人民的迫害屠殺,太殘酷了。所以不能不起來反抗。人民反抗的主要原因,第一由崇禎二年到十七年间清軍五次入关的大屠杀,給華北人民留下惨痛的血的教訓。滿清入主中國,當然要起來反抗。第二滿清统制階級奴役人民,使人不能忍受。潍縣志卷二通紀云。顺治十一年甲午,东人狱起,初崇祯间滿州兵入塞,所虏人口、多配王公为奴,定都北京后,多不堪虑待逃亡,官府札飭,索逃亡者,株連颇众,時号东人
On March 19, 2007, Li Zicheng broke through Beijing and Ming Si Zong Zijia himself and Ming Bei died. On April 13, Wu Sangui welcomed the Qing troops and defeated Li Zicheng peasant uprising army on April 13, entering Beijing on May 1 and starting Manchu rule over China. After the death of the general public on the historical events, are attributed to the scope of the Southern Ming Dynasty, is generally limited to the southern region, and with the remnants of feudal control class forces gradually narrowed to an end. In fact, anti-Manchu anti-Qing movement at that time. Is generally carried out in the whole country. If we look at the areas that can only be reached by the ruled forces, it is unavoidable and can not be generalized. The armed uprising of farmers in Shandong and Hebei Province and the fierce struggle of the rulers in Manchuria Of the provinces of the south of the Yangtze River. This is because the Manchu rulers were too cruel to massacre the persecution of the people in North China. So I can not up and resist. The main reason for the resistance of the people is the massacre by which the Qing forces entered the border five times between two and seventeen years from Chongzhen, leaving tragic lessons for the people of North China. Qing Dynasty into China, of course, up to resist. The Second Manchukist class enslaved the people and made it intolerable. Weixian Zhi volume II Tong Ji. Junji eleven years Jiaoyu, East Prison, the beginning of Chongzhen Manchu soldiers into the Cypriots, prisoners of population, with multiple princes as slaves, after capitalizing on Beijing, more uneasy to flee, officials Sapporo, fugitives, strains rather Public, time number East