肾病综合征长期大量蛋白尿可以引起坚小球结构和功能损伤,也是导致肾小球硬化和肾功能不全的主要原因。因此,如何减少蛋白尿是临床治疗肾小球肾炎的重点。已公认肾病综合征时存在高凝状态,由于肾小球内凝血在肾小球损伤中起着重要作用,因此,抗凝治疗也日益受到重视。临床长期随访和动物实验肾炎模型研究显示,抗凝治疗对肾小球肾炎有着良好的稳定肾功能,减轻肾脏病理损伤的作用。而肝素则是其中最常用的抗凝药物。近年来肝素特别是低分子肝素在防治肾小球疾病中的研究成为热点,下面就其治疗肾小球疾病的机制及应用作一综述。1 肝素及低分子肝素在肾不球疾病中的作用 Long-term nephrotic syndrome, large amounts of proteinuria can cause the structure and function of hard pellets damage, but also lead to glomerular sclerosis and renal insufficiency the main reason. Therefore, how to reduce proteinuria is the focus of clinical treatment of glomerulonephritis. It has been recognized that nephrotic syndrome exists hypercoagulable state, since glomerular coagulation plays an important role in glomerular injury, therefore, anticoagulant therapy is also increasingly valued. Clinical long-term follow-up and animal experimental nephritis model studies have shown that anticoagulant therapy has a good stable renal function of glomerulonephritis, reduce renal pathological damage. Heparin is one of the most commonly used anticoagulants. In recent years, heparin, especially low molecular weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of glomerular diseases has become a hot spot, the following on its treatment of glomerular disease mechanisms and applications are reviewed. 1 heparin and low molecular weight heparin in the role of the ball disease