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马克思和列宁曾不止一次地指出研究现象和过程必须有整体性的观点。整体性观点认为,任何事物都是多因素构成的,各因素之间存在着相互依存、相互制约.相辅相成的关系。构成该事物的因素结构合理、配合恰当,就能发挥其最大的整体功能.整体功能不等于各部分功能的简单迭加,而是大于各部分功能的总和.超级球星组成的国际联队往往打不赢一个训练有素的国家队,拿破伦的部队与木马留克兵作战,单兵相战,二胜一;兵团作战,一胜二。这些都是事物因素默契配合恰当、发挥最佳整体功能的典型事例.
Marx and Lenin pointed out on more than one occasion that the study of phenomena and processes must have a holistic view. The holistic point of view is that everything is composed of many factors, and there are interdependence and mutual restraint among the various factors. The factors that make up this matter are well-structured and fit well to exert their greatest overall function.The overall function is not equal to the simple addition of functions of each part, but more than the sum of the functions of each part. Do not win a well-trained national team, Napoleon’s troops and Trojan horses keep fighting, fighting each other alone, two wins and one; Corps combat, one or two wins. These are typical examples of the tacit cooperation of things and the best overall function.