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应用细胞毒性药物治疗恶性肿瘤后治疗相关性白血病的发病率显著增高,并且与药物的累积剂量和患者的年龄成正比。大多数患者具有染色体异常,烷化剂治疗后主要是5号染色体和/或7号染色体丢失或染色体长臂部分丢失;鬼臼毒素治疗后多引起染色体11q23平衡移位。临床上可出现白血病前期即骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS),最终演变为白血病,抗白血病治疗完全缓解率低,预后差。
The incidence of treatment-associated leukemia is significantly increased after the treatment of malignant tumors with cytotoxic drugs and is proportional to the cumulative dose of the drug and the patient’s age. Most patients have chromosomal abnormalities. After treatment with alkylating agents, they are mainly loss of chromosome 5 and / or chromosome 7 or partial loss of the long arm of the chromosome. After treatment with podophyllotoxin, chromosome 11q23 is caused to shift its balance more. Clinically there may be pre-leukemia myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), eventually evolved into leukemia, anti-leukemia treatment of complete remission rate is low, the prognosis is poor.