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目的:了解嘉兴市秀洲区手足口病聚集性疫情流行特征,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法:收集2011-2015年秀洲区手足口病聚集性疫情监测信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果:2011-2015年全区报告手足口病聚集性疫情202起,1 177人发病,平均罹患率为1.47%(1 177/80 087)。聚集性疫情起数与总病例数分布较为接近。聚集性疫情起数分布地区差异无统计学意义,在不同办园性质上有差异;时间呈双峰型分布,发病高峰在4-6月(50.00%,101/202),次高峰在10-12月(34.16%,69/202);95.05%发生在托幼机构。手足口病聚集性疫情可由一种病毒型别或多种病毒型别感染所致,2011年CoxA16型为主(50.00%),2012年EV71型为主(31.82%),2013年以其他肠道病毒为主(31.58%),2014年和2015年以CoxA16型为主(30.43%,34.78%),近年来混合感染占比较高(12.50%~22.92%)。结论:加强幼托机构手足口病发病监测,及时发现聚集性疫情,早处置是防控手足口病的重要措施。同时加强手足口病病原监测工作,了解病原变异情况。
Objective: To understand the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, and to provide basis for prevention and control measures. Methods: The monitoring information of aggregated outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xiuzhou district during 2011-2015 was collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results: From 2011 to 2015, 202 outbreaks of HFMD were reported in the region, with 1,177 cases of onset. The average attack rate was 1.47% (1 177/80 087). Aggregate epidemic outbreaks and the number of cases were more closely distributed. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the numbers of aggregated outbreaks in the nature of different orchards, and the time was bimodal with peak incidence in April-June (50.00%, 101/202) and sub-peak in 10- December (34.16%, 69/202); 95.05% occurred in nurseries. The HFMD epidemic may be caused by one or more viral types. In 2011, CoxA16 was predominant (50.00%), EV71 was predominant (31.82%) in 2012, and other intestinal (31.58%). In 2014 and 2015, CoxA16 was predominant (30.43%, 34.78%). In recent years, the proportion of mixed infections was high (12.50% -22.92%). Conclusion: It is an important measure to prevent hand-foot-mouth disease by monitoring the onset of hand-foot-mouth disease in the infant care institution and finding out the epidemic in time. At the same time strengthen the hand foot-mouth disease pathogen monitoring work, understand the pathogen variation.