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[目的]通过对上海市老年人膳食、体格状况的调查,评价上海市老年人的营养状况,为进一步改善上海市老年人营养状况提供依据。[方法]以60~75岁的上海市老年人为调查对象,采用流行病学现况调查的方法。调查表的设计经过文献查阅、专家讨论、预调查等过程。膳食结构的调查采用食物频率表,评价采用量化分等级、中国膳食平衡指数的方法;体格状况的评价采用体质指数法。[结果]有60.7%的老人膳食结构欠合理,其中主要是奶制品、水果、水产品的摄入不足,谷类消费比较合理。上海市老年人中,超重占40.0%,肥胖8.0%,过轻4.4%;女性超重的比例略多于男性。[结论]受多种因素的影响,上海市有过半的老年人膳食结构不合理,有近一半的老年人超重或肥胖,有必要加以改善。
[Objective] To evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly in Shanghai by surveying the diet and physical condition of the elderly in Shanghai, and to provide basis for further improving the nutritional status of the elderly in Shanghai. [Methods] Aged 60-75 years old in Shanghai as the survey object, using epidemiological survey. Questionnaire design through the literature review, expert discussion, pre-investigation process. The investigation of dietary structure adopted the food frequency table, and the method of quantifying the grading and the Chinese dietary balance index was used for evaluation. Physical fitness was evaluated by body mass index method. [Result] There were 60.7% of the elderly whose dietary structure was not reasonable. The main reason was inadequate intake of dairy products, fruits and aquatic products, and cereal consumption was reasonable. Among the elderly in Shanghai, 40.0% were overweight, 8.0% were obese, and 4.4% were overweight. The proportion of overweight women was slightly higher than that of men. [Conclusion] Influenced by many factors, over half of the elderly in Shanghai have an unreasonable diet and nearly half of them are overweight or obese and need to be improved.