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目的调查装修后居室内甲醛污染状况,探讨有效的防护措施。方法于2013年3月—2014年7月间对334户新装修居室内甲醛浓度进行现场检测并对居家人员开展问卷调查。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果装修后的居室甲醛浓度范围为0.011~0.367 mg/m3,平均浓度为0.108 mg/m3,总超标率为43.3%(334/772),装修后3个月内甲醛的超标率为81.2%(56/69),3个月后甲醛超标率逐渐下降,3~5月和6~11月超标率分别为59.3%(134/226)、36.7%(110/300),12~18月后降至24.3%(43/177)。超标组各类不良反应的发生率均高于未超标组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),装修后入住时间<3、3~6、6~12、12~18月的不良反应发生率分别为87.8%(36/41)、78.0%(103/132)、55.7%(54/97)和38.8%(19/49),居家人员不良反应的发生率随入住时间的延长逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.269,P<0.05)。采用经常开窗通风,种植绿萝、吊兰等植物、使用环保家具的住户室内甲醛污染的超标率分别为66.3%(112/169)、71.4%(145/203)、72.9%(113/155),均低于未采取相应措施的住户的94.0%(141/150)、93.1%(108/116)、85.4%(140/164),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度大多数超标,住户可能会出现各种不适症状,采取一定的防护措施可减少甲醛污染对人体健康的影响。
Objective To investigate the indoor formaldehyde pollution after renovation, and to explore effective protective measures. Methods A total of 334 newly renovated indoor formaldehyde concentrations were tested on-site between March 2013 and July 2014 and questionnaires were conducted among home staff. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The indoor formaldehyde concentration ranged from 0.011 to 0.367 mg / m3 with the average concentration of 0.108 mg / m3, and the total over-standard rate was 43.3% (334/772). The over-standard rate of formaldehyde in the three months after renovation was 81.2% 56/69). After 3 months, the rate of exceeding the standard of formaldehyde decreased gradually. The rates of over-standard in March-May and June-November were 59.3% (134/226), 36.7% (110/300), 12-18 months To 24.3% (43/177). The incidence of all kinds of adverse reactions in the super-standard group were higher than those of the non-super-standard group, the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05), post-decoration check-in time <3, 3-6, 6-12, 12-18 months The incidence of adverse reactions in the home was 87.8% (36/41), 78.0% (103/132), 55.7% (54/97) and 38.8% (19/49), respectively Decreased, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 37.269, P <0.05). The standard rates of indoor formaldehyde pollution in households using environmentally friendly furniture were 66.3% (112/169), 71.4% (145/203) and 72.9% (113/155), respectively, with regular open windows for planting plants such as Chlorophytum and Chlorophytum, Which was lower than 94.0% (141/150), 93.1% (108/116) and 85.4% (140/164) of the households who did not take the corresponding measures. The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion Most of the new renovated indoor air formaldehyde concentration exceeded the standard, residents may have various symptoms, take some protective measures to reduce the impact of formaldehyde pollution on human health.