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2010—2011年采用定置网具和底层挂网对黑龙江中游底层鱼类进行调查。结果表明:采捕底层鱼类7目12科33属47种,其中外来移植鱼类1种,为湖拟鲤,列入《中国濒危动物红皮书.鱼类》的鱼类为施氏鲟、鳇、日本七鳃鳗和雷氏七鳃鳗4种;鲤形目种类最多,为31种,占调查物种总数的65.96%;黑龙江中游底层鱼类平均密度为139.00ind.m-3,平均生物量为344.58g.m-3;鱼类生态类型以河湖性和杂食性种类为主,群落优势种为兴凯鱊、光泽黄颡鱼、麦穗鱼、纵带鮠和银鲴等鱼类,优势种类中除鲇外,其他种类平均体重均小于30g;黑龙江底层鱼类群落的物种丰富度(D)、多样性指数(H’)和均匀度(J’)各断面均偏低,并存在一定程度的差异;黑龙江中游水质优良,大部分时期处于Ⅱ类水质以上水平,各断面鱼类种群多样性与营养盐及透明度等环境特征相关关系不明显,仅发现HW’与铵态氮和总氮呈显著正相关。
From 2010 to 2011, the bottom fish in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang Province were surveyed by the fixed netting tools and the bottom netting. The results showed that there were 47 species belonging to 33 genera, 7 orders, 12 orders, of which 1 species were alien transplanted fish and 1 species were lake carp. The fish included in the “Red Book of Endangered Animals of China” were Acipenser schrenckii, , The Japanese lamprey lampard and the lamprey lamprey 4 species; the largest number of Cypriniformes species, 31 species, accounting for 65.96% of the total species surveyed; the average density of bottom fish in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River was 139.00ind.m-3, the average biomass (344.58 gm-3). The main ecological types of fish were river and lake and omnivorous species, and the dominant species were Hypocrellius kaempferi, Filipino catfish, In addition to 鲇, the average body weight of other species were less than 30g; the species richness (D), diversity index (H ’) and evenness (J’) of the bottom fish communities in Heilongjiang were all low and there was a certain degree The water quality of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang Province was good, and most of the time was above the Grade II water quality. The correlation between the diversity of fish stocks and the environmental characteristics such as nutrients and transparency was not obvious. Only the distributions of HW ’, ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen Significantly positive correlation.