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目的了解青少年健康危险行为现状及其与生活技能水平的关系,为制定相应的干预措施降低青少年健康危险行为的发生提供参考。方法从北京市1所完全中学选取初一、初二、高一、高二年级,每个年级随机选取2个班级,以班级为单位进行整群抽样,共获得307份有效问卷。采用《校内青少年生活技能评价量表》(修订版)和《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》对学生进行问卷调查。结果中学生吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、自伤、自杀的发生率分别为2.3%,12.4%,4.2%,12.7%和1.6%。除自杀行为外,男生各种健康危险行为的发生率均高于女生,高中生高于初中生。其中男、女生吸烟检出率差异有统计学意义,不同学段中学生饮酒和网络成瘾检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。存在吸烟、网络成瘾或自伤行为的学生相比于没有该行为的学生,生活技能量表得分偏低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,生活技能水平高是青少年发生健康危险行为的保护因素(OR=0.95,P<0.01)。结论健康危险行为在中学生中有一定的发生比例,生活技能教育对于减少青少年健康危险行为可能具有潜在意义。
Objective To understand the current situation of adolescent health risk behavior and its relationship with life skills level and provide reference for making appropriate interventions to reduce adolescent health risk behaviors. Methods One grade one, grade two and grade one and grade two were selected from 1 complete middle school in Beijing. Two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and a total of 307 valid questionnaires were obtained by cluster sampling. Students were surveyed using the “Assessment Scale for Life Skills of Adolescents in Schools” (Revised Edition) and the “Questionnaire on Health-related Behavior of Adolescents in China”. Results The prevalence rates of smoking, drinking, Internet addiction, self-injury and suicide in secondary school students were 2.3%, 12.4%, 4.2%, 12.7% and 1.6% respectively. Except for suicide, the incidence of various health risk behaviors of boys is higher than that of girls and high school students are higher than junior high school students. Among them, there were significant differences in the smoking prevalence rate among boys and girls, and there were significant differences in the detection rate of alcohol consumption and internet addiction between different sections (P <0.01). Students who had smoking, internet addiction or self-harm had lower score on life skill scale than those who did not. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the high level of life skills was the protective factor of adolescent health risk behaviors (OR = 0.95, P <0.01). Conclusions Health risk behaviors have a certain proportion in middle school students, and life skills education may have potential significance in reducing adolescent health risk behaviors.