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《艾滋病防治条例》(简称《防治条例》)的出台是一个重大进步,但单靠《防治条例》本身,无法为艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和受艾滋病(AIDS)影响的人群提供充分的权利保障。因而,目标明确且以证据为基础的法律改革是必要的,以保证最有需求的人们能够得到帮助和服务。当前的法律环境对这些关键人群在公共健康问题上有着负面的影响,并将导致艾滋病在中国的进一步传播。缺乏有效保障隐私权的规定和制度,以及反歧视相关立法的缺失,对艾滋病流行起到了推波助澜的作用。艾滋病法律需要进行相应的修订,以更好应对疾病流行的新情况。通过系统查阅法律法规和规章及政策资料,以及访谈、会议现场观察、案例搜集等,对法律法规的可操作性、合理性及其内在冲突等进行评估。对包括《防治条例》在内的中国艾滋病相关法律法规、规章进行评估,发现规定和实践中的漏洞和冲突,为改进立法提出建议。
The promulgation of the “Prevention and Control of AIDS Ordinance” (“Prevention and Control Ordinance”) is a significant step forward. However, the “Prevention and Control Ordinance” alone can not provide sufficient rights to people living with HIV and those affected by AIDS Protection. Thus, targeted and evidence-based legal reforms are necessary to ensure that those most in need have access to help and services. The current legal environment has a negative impact on these key populations on public health issues and will lead to further AIDS transmission in China. The lack of rules and regulations that effectively guarantee privacy and the absence of anti-discrimination legislation have contributed to the AIDS epidemic. AIDS laws need to be revised accordingly to better respond to the new situation of the epidemic. Through systematic review of laws, regulations, rules and policy materials, as well as interviews, meeting site observation and case collection, the feasibility and rationality of laws and regulations and their inherent conflicts are evaluated. To assess the AIDS-related laws, regulations and rules in China, including the “Prevention and Control Regulations,” to find loopholes and conflicts in the regulations and practices, and to make recommendations for improving legislation.