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为系统了解青海小麦矮秆基因的分布特点,并进一步为青海高原小麦的株高育种提供优异种质资源。本研究利用5个矮秆基因的特异性分子标记对82份青海小麦品种资源中的矮秆基因进行了检测,并对不同矮秆基因的降秆效应进行了分析。结果表明:82份青海育成小麦品种中有49份材料至少含有一个矮秆基因,其中Rht-B1b的分布频率最高,约占参试材料的28.0%,其次是分布频率为23.2%的Rht8基因,而矮秆基因Rht-D1b、Rht5以及Rht12的分布频率分别为9.8%、13.4%、9.8%。在49份含有不同种类矮秆基因的材料中,其中16份材料同时含有2种及以上的矮秆基因,即RhtB1b和Rht8、Rht-D1b和Rht8、Rht-B1b和Rht5、Rht-D1b和Rht5、Rht8和Rht5、Rht-B1b和Rht12、Rht5和Rht12,并未发现同时含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种;2份材料分别含有3种矮秆基因,即Rht-B1b、Rht8、Rht12和Rht-B1b、Rht5、Rht8;其余31份材料仅含有1种矮秆基因。82份青海育成小麦材料中仅含有Rht-B1b的材料11份,平均株高为86.2 cm,其降秆效应为5.7%;只含有Rht-D1b的材料有5份,平均株高为84.9 cm,其降秆效应为7.1%;仅含有Rht8的材料有9份,平均株高为88.6 cm,其降秆效应为3.1%。因此,在青海育成小麦品种中,矮秆基因的降秆效应为Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b>Rht8。
To understand systematically the distribution characteristics of dwarfing genes in wheat and to provide excellent germplasm resources for plant height breeding in Qinghai Plateau. In this study, we detected the dwarf genes in 82 Qinghai wheat cultivars by using the specific molecular markers of five dwarf genes and analyzed the effect of reducing stalk of different dwarf genes. The results showed that among the 82 wheat cultivars in Qinghai, 49 cultivars contained at least one dwarf gene, of which Rht-B1b was the highest, accounting for 28.0% of the tested materials, followed by Rht8 with a distribution frequency of 23.2% The frequency of dwarfing genes Rht-D1b, Rht5 and Rht12 were 9.8%, 13.4% and 9.8%, respectively. Among the 49 cultivars with different dwarf genes, 16 cultivars contained two or more dwarf genes, RhtB1b and Rht8, Rht-D1b and Rht8, Rht-B1b and Rht5, Rht-D1b and Rht5 , Rht8 and Rht5, Rht-B1b and Rht12, Rht5 and Rht12, respectively. No two cultivars with dwarf genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were found. , Rht12 and Rht-B1b, Rht5 and Rht8, and the remaining 31 materials contained only one dwarf gene. Among the 82 wheat cultivars grown in Qinghai, 11 cultivars containing only Rht-B1b had an average plant height of 86.2 cm and a stalking effect of 5.7%. Five cultivars containing only Rht-D1b had an average plant height of 84.9 cm, The stalking effect was 7.1%, that of the materials containing only Rht8 was 9, and the average plant height was 88.6 cm. The stalking effect was 3.1%. Therefore, the stalking effect of dwarfing genes in cultivated wheat cultivars in Qinghai was Rht-D1b> Rht-B1b> Rht8.