私有化——特别是国有企业的私有化——无论在工业化国家还是发展中国家都日益引起人们的关注。在私有化的各种优越性中,通常被强调的一点是私有化可以提高经济效率。虽然公有制向私有制的转变可以通过降低生产成本来提高生产效率,但是我们认为这种提高是有条件的。对某些重要的国有垄断企业实行私有化,极有可能大幅度提高生产效率,但是这只 Privatization—especially the privatization of state-owned enterprises—is increasingly attracting attention in both industrialized and developing countries. Among the various advantages of privatization, it is often emphasized that privatization can improve economic efficiency. Although the shift from public ownership to private ownership can improve production efficiency by reducing production costs, we believe this increase is conditional. The privatization of certain important state-owned monopoly enterprises is likely to greatly increase production efficiency, but this