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原料可持续供应是保证生物柴油产业持续发展的基础。了解不同地区非粮柴油植物资源的特点、分布及油脂和相应油脂甲酯的理化性质,是开发当地生物柴油植物资源、实现原料可持续生产供应的前提。本研究对北方地区植物资源最丰富的陕西省的非粮柴油植物资源进行了初步调查与评估,共采集到37份植物的种子或种仁并测定了其油脂性质。结果表明:37份样品含油率质量分数的变幅为10.0～62.8%;其油脂碘值、酸值、皂化值的变幅分别为43.43～129.44g/100g,1.89～57.92mg/g,124.18～367.00mg/g。然后,采用文献报道的公式模拟计算了与油脂甲酯品质紧密相关的5项指标参数。结果表明:37份样品油脂甲酯的十六烷值、运动黏度的变幅分别为34.86～63.08,2.67～4.19mm2/s;其密度、高热值及冷滤点的变幅分别为833.94～884.22kg/m3,33.40～42.91kJ/g,-13.10～15.60℃。根据测定数据和模拟数据比对柴油植物初步评价标准,筛选出有进一步研究价值的非粮柴油植物共11种,其中山桃、女贞、厚朴最具有发展潜力。
The sustainable supply of raw materials is the basis for the sustainable development of the biodiesel industry. Understanding the characteristics and distribution of non-food diesel plant resources in different regions and the physical and chemical properties of oils and fats and methyl esters is a prerequisite for the development of local bio-diesel plant resources and the sustainable production and supply of raw materials. In this study, preliminary investigation and assessment of non-grain diesel oil plant resources in Shaanxi Province, the most abundant plant resource in northern China, were conducted. Seeds or kernels of 37 plants were collected and their oil properties were determined. The results showed that the oil content of 37 samples ranged from 10.0% to 62.8%, the range of oil iodine value, acid value and saponification value were 43.43 ~ 129.44g / 100g, 1.89 ~ 57.92mg / g, 124.18 ~ 367.00 mg / g. Then, using the formulas reported in the literature, the five parameters closely related to the methyl ester quality were simulated. The results showed that the cetane number and the kinematic viscosity of 37 samples were 34.86 ~ 63.08 and 2.67 ~ 4.19mm2 / s, respectively. The density, high calorific value and the amplitude of cold filter plugging point were 833.94 ~ 884.22 kg / m3, 3.40 ~ 42.91 kJ / g, -13.10 ~ 15.60 ℃. According to the preliminary evaluation criteria of diesel plants based on the measured data and the simulated data, a total of 11 non-grain diesel oil plants with further research value were screened out. Among them, Peach, Ligustrum and Magnolia officinalis have the most potential for development.