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现存的明清徽州诉讼文书多是从民间收集而来的,比较零散,内容不一。因此,对于徽州诉讼文书进行科学的分类,就显得尤为重要。本文从两个角度对于徽州诉讼文书进行分类。第一,根据徽州诉讼文书的保存形态与史料来源将徽州诉讼文书分为官府文书、民间文书及介于两者之间抄招帖文,并分别讨论了各类形态诉讼文书的形成与保存过程。第二,根据明清时代的诉讼制度,对于诉讼过程中形成的各种文书类型进行归类,同时对比明清两代诉讼文书的异同,分析了明清两代地方裁判制度的变化。本文引用了大量的文书实例,直观地说明了诉讼过程与诉讼制度,修正了诸如黄六鸿《福惠全书》等重要史籍中一些记载上错误。
The existing Ming and Qing Huizhou litigation documents are mostly collected from the people, more fragmented, different content. Therefore, the scientific classification of Huizhou litigation documents, it is particularly important. This article classifies the Huizhou lawsuit instruments from two perspectives. First, according to the preservation form of Huizhou litigation documents and the sources of historical materials, Huizhou litigation instruments are divided into official documents, non-governmental documents and copied postscripts between them, and discussed the formation and preservation process of various types of litigation documents . Second, according to the litigation system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the litigation documents in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and analyzes the changes of the local referee system in Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper cites a large number of clerical cases, which directly illustrates the litigation process and litigation system and fixes some mistakes made in some important historical records such as Huang Liuhong’s “Fu Hui Quan Shu”.