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对全球海域浮游植物的结构进行分析,发现浮游植物种群结构以硅藻和甲藻两大类为主,而硅藻是浮游植物的主体。以中国近海的海湾生态中浮游植物的组成为例子,发现硅藻在浮游植物中大约占80%~99%,甲藻在浮游植物中大约占20%~1%,其它藻类仅仅占5%~1%。通过硅藻和甲藻的生理和生态行为机制以适应不同的水环境的综合研究,发现硅藻的生理特征很大的优越于甲藻等其它非硅藻,这样,在营养盐供给充足的条件下,硅藻理所应当成为浮游植物的优势种。根据光照、水温、营养盐对浮游植物生长影响的研究结果和营养盐N、P、S i的生物地球过程,发现营养盐S i决定浮游植物生长的生理特征和其集群结构的改变过程,揭示了硅藻与甲藻相互交替的变化过程。目前,在人类活动的影响下,大海中营养盐N、P在迅速增长,营养盐S i受到限制,水域呈现富营养化。那么,采取何种措施使海洋生态能够持续发展,这是人类面临重要问题。
Based on the analysis of phytoplankton structure in the world, phytoplankton population is dominated by diatoms and dinoflagellates, while diatoms are the main body of phytoplankton. Taking the composition of phytoplankton in the coastal ecology of offshore China as an example, it is found that diatoms account for about 80% -99% of phytoplankton, dinoflagellate species account for about 20% -1% of phytoplankton, and other algae account for only 5% % ~ 1%. Through the physiological and ecological behavior mechanism of diatoms and dinoflagellates to adapt to different water environment comprehensive study found that the physiological characteristics of diatoms great superior to dinoflagellates and other non-diatoms, so that in the nutrient supply sufficient conditions Under the diatom reason should be the dominant species of phytoplankton. According to the results of the study on the effects of illumination, water temperature and nutrients on the growth of phytoplankton and the biogeochemical processes of nutrients N, P and S i, it was found that the nutrient S i determines the physiological characteristics of phytoplankton growth and the change process of its cluster structure, The diatoms and dinoflagellates alternate process. At present, under the influence of human activities, the nutrients N and P in the sea are rapidly growing, the nutrient S i is restricted, and the waters are eutrophic. So, what measures should be taken to enable the sustainable development of marine ecology is an important issue for mankind.