目的探讨子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤的病理特点及其诊断与鉴别诊断。方法报告1例子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤的临床资料、病理组织学特点及对患者进行随访,并复习相关著作及文献。结果女性患者,在其子宫肌层内见一肿瘤结节,直径约6cm,边界清晰,切面灰白与淡黄混合,其组织学特点为由成熟的平滑肌细胞和脂肪细胞混合构成,病理诊断为子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤.术后无复发。结论子宫脂肪平滑肌瘤为发生在子宫体部的良性肿瘤,极其罕见,多发生于绝经期女性,结合大体特点及组织学特点可以做出诊断,需要与子宫平滑肌瘤脂肪变性相鉴别。 Objective To investigate the pathological features of uterine leiomyoma and its diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods One case of uterine leiomyoma of the uterine fibroids clinical data, histopathological features and follow-up of patients, and review of related works and literature. Results Female patients saw a tumor nodule in the myometrium with a diameter of about 6 cm. The border was clear and the section was gray and yellow mixed. The histological characteristics of the female patients consisted of a mixture of mature smooth muscle cells and adipocytes, and the pathology was diagnosed as uterus Fat leiomyoma. No recurrence after surgery. Conclusion Uterine fat leiomyoma is a benign tumor occurring in the uterine body. It is extremely rare and occurs mostly in postmenopausal women. It can be diagnosed according to general characteristics and histological features, and it needs to be differentiated from that of uterine leiomyomata steatosis.