简要介绍了几类已知的离子通道，如电压门控性通道、环核苷酸门控性通道、配体门控性通道、内向整流器钾通道及囊性纤维变性氯通道等类型。结构-功能研究也获得了有关离子通道理论上的新认识：独立的区域担负不同的功能；某些通道的激活和失活闸门在结构与功能上具有共同点。目前常用的致突变和通道表达技术有一定的局限性。最后突出了悬而未决的问题，指出了未来的研究方向。 Several types of known ion channels are briefly introduced, such as voltage-gated channels, cyclic nucleotide gated channels, ligand-gated channels, inward rectifier potassium channels, and cystic fibrosis chloride channels. Structure-function studies have also gained a new theoretical understanding of ion channels: independent regions have different functions; activation and deactivation gates for some channels have similar structures and functions. Currently commonly used mutagenesis and channel expression techniques have some limitations. Finally, the outstanding issues are highlighted, pointing out the future research direction.