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目的调查深圳市某小学一起水痘疫情的流行特征,探讨其危险因素。方法按照病例定义搜索病例,描述疾病的三间分布并开展危险因素现场调查分析。结果 2012年11月30日至2013年1月9日共搜索到符合病例定义的病例22例,首例病例发病时间为11月15日,未隔离;疫情报告日期和发病高峰为11月30日;对新发病例严格执行隔离措施,末例病例为12月19日。17例病例为一年级(6)班学生,该班罹患率为33.3%(17/51),另有4例其它班级病例与该班首发病例在同一午托室休息。一年级(6)班未接种组的罹患率为100%(4/4),接种组为33.3%(13/39),水痘疫苗的4年保护率为66.7%。结论未尽早隔离首发病例、及时报告是此次疫情的主要危险因素,及时发现新发病例、严格执行隔离措施可有效控制疫情。疫苗保护效果还需深入开展评价。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of chickenpox in a primary school in Shenzhen and to explore its risk factors. Methods The cases were searched according to the definition of cases, the three distributions of the diseases were described and the field investigation of risk factors was carried out. Results A total of 22 cases were found from November 30, 2012 to January 9, 2013. The first case was onset on November 15, and was not isolated. The date of the outbreak and the peak incidence were November 30 ; Strict enforcement of new cases of isolation measures, the last case was December 19. 17 cases were grade 1 (6) students, the attack rate was 33.3% (17/51), and another 4 cases of other classes with the first episode of the class resting in the same lunchroom. The attack rate was 100% (4/4) in the first-grade (6) non-vaccinated group and 33.3% (13/39) in the vaccinated group. The 4-year protection rate of the varicella vaccine was 66.7%. Conclusion The initial cases were not isolated as early as possible and timely reporting was the main risk factor for the outbreak. New cases were found in time and the isolation measures were strictly implemented to effectively control the outbreak. Vaccine protection needs further evaluation.