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1860年基尔霍夫提出:对于一个理想黑体,“重要的是密封腔要真正等温,小孔的面积应比密封腔内表面的面积小得多”。按照上述设想研制的黑体,其腔口辐射可按均匀圆光斑来处理。但是,实际使用的许多黑体,腔体有一定的温度梯度,由于测试的需要,黑体光阑有一定大小,在这种情况下,其腔口处的辐射已不能按均匀圆光斑来考虑。本文发展了一套腔口辐射不均匀的黑体辐射计算公式。为了比较实际黑体与理想黑体
In 1860 Kirchhoff proposed that for an ideal black body “it is important that the sealed chamber be truly isothermal, with the area of the small holes being much smaller than the area of the inner surface of the sealed chamber.” In accordance with the above idea of the development of black body, the mouth of the radiation can be uniform circular spot to deal with. However, many blackbodies actually used have a certain temperature gradient of the cavity. Due to the requirement of the test, the blackbody diaphragm has a certain size. In this case, the radiation at the mouth of the cavity can not be considered as a uniform circular spot. In this paper, a formula for calculating blackbody radiation with non-uniform radiation in the cavity has been developed. In order to compare the actual bold and ideal bold