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本文提出了用以解释当前中国社会阶层分化机制的“权力衍生论”。作者认为,在放权让利的改革和市场化过程中,社会经济制度安排发生了变化,新的制度安排不但为公共权力继续以再分配权力的形式在阶层分化中发挥作用提供了制度基础,还为公共权力衍生成权力精英的“寻租能力”并以与再分配权力不同的机制对阶层分化产生影响提供了条件;而随着市场机制的发育,市场能力也在阶层分化中起着重要作用。因此,当前中国市场经济的基本制度安排决定了再分配权力、寻租能力和市场能力共同构成了阶层分化的动力基础。基于此论的关于收入分配的研究假设,得到了2003年取自武汉的抽样调查资料的支持。研究结果表明,权力衍生论比“权力转移论”和“权力持续论”都能更好地解释当前中国社会的精英循环/再生现象。
This paper presents a “power-derived theory” to explain the current social stratification mechanism in China. The author believes that in the course of reform and marketization of decentralization of power and profit, social and economic institutional arrangements have changed. The new system arrangement not only provides the institutional basis for public power to continue to function in the division of strata in the form of redistributive power, but also provides The public power derives from the “rent-seeking ability” of the power elite and provides the conditions for the differentiation of strata through a mechanism different from the redistribution power. With the development of the market mechanism, the market power also plays an important role in stratification. Therefore, the current basic arrangement of market economy in China determines the redistribution of power, rent-seeking capabilities and market power together constitute the dynamic basis for stratification. The research assumptions about income distribution based on this theory are supported by the sample survey data from Wuhan in 2003. The results show that power-derived theory can better explain the current cycle of elite circulation / regeneration in Chinese society than “power transfer theory” and “power continuation theory”.