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中国传统语言学认为,新词义的产生和词义变化主要是通过词义引申来实现的。词的本义和引申义关系十分复杂。本文分为32个小类进行讨论,其中1-18类是词义引申,词性未变;19-32类是词义引申,词性也起了变化,或本义是名词,引申义是动词、形容词、名量词;或本义是动词,引申义是名词、形容词、动量词;或本义是形容词,引申义是名词、动词。还有几种情况,如观念习俗、用典、省略等,也可以导致词义的引申变化。
According to Chinese traditional linguistics, new semantic generation and semantic change are mainly achieved through lexical extension. The relationship between the original meaning of the word and the extended meaning is very complicated. This article is divided into 32 sub-categories for discussion, of which 1-18 categories are extended meaning, part of speech has not changed; 19-32 category is extended meaning, part of speech has changed, or the original meaning is the noun, the extended meaning of the verb, adjective, name Quantifier; Or the original meaning of a verb, the extended meaning of nouns, adjectives, verbs; or the original meaning of adjectives, extended meaning is the noun, the verb. There are several situations, such as the concept of custom, code, omitted, etc., can also lead to changes in the meaning of the word.