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题例:我国古代有“画饼充饥”的成语故事。请指出“画饼充饥”做法的哲学错误,并分析说明这个问题对我国当前建设有中国特色的社会主义实践有何重要启示。(第一课) 答案要点:(1)“画饼充饥”说的是一个人在没有饼的情况下,企图用画的饼来消除自己的饥饿感,其结果自然无法达到目的的成语故事。这个故事讽刺了那些企图以空想来代替现实的主观唯心主义者的做法。 (2)“画饼充饥”的哲学错误在于违背了辩证唯物主义关于“物质第一性,意识第二性”的原理,犯了用意识代替物质的错误。
Example: In ancient China, there was an idiom story “Painting cakes for hunger.” Please point out the philosophical mistakes of the “painting of cakes and filling up with hunger” and analyze and explain why this issue has important implications for China’s current practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. (Lesson 1) Answers: (1) “Paying bread and filling hunger” means that one person tries to use the painted cake to eliminate his sense of hunger without cake, and the result is naturally unable to achieve the purpose of the idiom story. This story satirizes the practice of subjective idealists who attempt to replace reality with fantasy. (2) The philosophical mistake of “painting cakes for hunger” lies in violating the principle of “material first nature, consciousness second nature” in dialectical materialism and committing mistakes in replacing material with consciousness.