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[目的]明确氮素高效吸收型粳稻品种物质生产与分配的特点及影响粳稻品种氮素吸收的主要物质生产因素,以期为粳稻品种氮素高效吸收利用的遗传改良提供参考依据。[方法]2008～2009年,在群体水培条件下,以国内外不同年代育成的94个常规粳稻品种为供试材料,测定植株各器官干物重和含氮率、产量等,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按吸氮量的大小从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6类,研究不同氮素吸收型粳稻品种物质生产与分配的差异。[结果]供试品种间吸氮量的差异很大。氮素高效吸收型粳稻品种平均产量极显著高于氮素低效吸收型品种;氮素高效吸收型粳稻品种各生育阶段群体及单穗干物质生产量大,根干重、茎鞘叶干重、穗干重也显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种,但经济系数无明显差异;成熟期群体干物质生产量对总吸氮量的作用大于经济系数的作用;抽穗前物质生产量、抽穗后物质生产量对成熟期物质生产量均有重要的作用,前者略大于后者;单穗干物质生产量对群体干物质生产量的作用大于单位面积穗数的作用,抽穗前更明显;提高抽穗前后茎鞘叶干重和成熟期穗干重有利于成熟期干物质生产量提高。[结论]促进单穗干物质生产量尤其是抽穗前单穗干物质生产量,促进抽穗前后茎鞘叶干重和抽穗后穗干重的提高可显著提高氮高效吸收型品种成熟期群体物质生产量。
[Objective] The research aimed to clarify the characteristics of material production and distribution of nitrogen efficient absorbing japonica rice varieties and the main material production factors that affect the nitrogen absorption of japonica rice varieties, in order to provide reference for the genetic improvement of nitrogen efficient absorption and utilization of japonica rice varieties. [Method] Ninety-four conventional japonica rice cultivars bred in different age groups from 2008 to 2009 were used as tested materials under population hydroponics conditions to determine the dry matter weight, nitrogen content and yield of each plant, According to the dynamic clustering method of square sum, the tested varieties were divided into A, B, C, D, E and F categories from low to high according to the amount of nitrogen absorption, and the production and distribution of different nitrogen-absorbing japonica rice cultivars The difference. [Result] There was a great difference in nitrogen uptake among tested varieties. The average yield of nitrogen efficient absorbing japonica rice varieties was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient absorbing varieties. The nitrogen production of japonica rice cultivars with high yield and dry weight per plant, , Dry ear weight was also significantly greater than the nitrogen inefficient absorption type, but no significant difference in economic coefficient; mature population dry matter production of total nitrogen uptake than the economic coefficient of the role; material production before heading, after heading The amount of material production played an important role in the maturity production, the former was slightly larger than the latter. The effect of single-ear dry matter production on population dry matter production was greater than that of panicles per unit area, The dry weight of stems and leaves and the dry weight of ears at maturity were favorable for the increase of dry matter production at maturity. [Conclusion] The promotion of single-ear dry matter production, especially single-ear dry matter production before heading, the improvement of dry weight of stems and leaves and the dry weight of ears after heading could significantly improve the population material production the amount.