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高温热环境模拟是研究结构动态性能的重要试验方法之一,其温度控制通常采用PID控制方法,在控制过程中存在耗时长、效率低的问题。本文提出一种阶梯控制与PID控制复合使用的快速控制方法,并引入了一个基于时间变化的平滑切换因子,改善由于偏差阈值的切换而导致的切换邻域内的控制振荡现象。控制试验结果表明:与单纯PID控制方法相比,本文提出的控制方法使温控系统的温升速率提高了4倍,并在控制精度不降低的前提下使加热时间至少缩短了三分之一。该方法可实现预定温度的快速控制,且温度上升曲线平滑。
The simulation of high temperature and thermal environment is one of the most important experimental methods to study the dynamic performance of the structure. The PID control method is generally used for temperature control, which leads to the problem of long time consuming and low efficiency in the control process. In this paper, a fast control method combined with step control and PID control is proposed, and a smooth switching factor based on time variation is introduced to improve the control oscillation in the switching neighborhood due to the switching of the deviation threshold. The results of control tests show that compared with the pure PID control method, the control method proposed in this paper improves the temperature rise rate of the temperature control system by 4 times and shortens the heating time by at least one third without reducing the control accuracy . The method can realize the rapid control of the predetermined temperature and the temperature rise curve is smooth.