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[目的]探索与直播青菜栽培相配套的密植技术。[方法]以青菜品种苏州青2号为供试品种,利用荷兰AL-640-SNT蔬菜气吸式精密播种机直播,在12种整地方式、播深组合的情况下设计了4种直播株距,研究直播密度对直播青菜形态特征、产量及其构成的影响。[结果]在同一种整地方式和播深的情况下,随着直播密度的增加,茎秆粗度、株高、单株分枝数、单株有效角果数、千粒重、每角粒数、单株重量呈现降低趋势,但群体分枝数、群体角果数呈现增加趋势;随着播深的加深,株高、单株角果数、群体角果数呈现降低趋势,而千粒重呈现上升趋势,其余指标与整地方式、播深没有明显相关性。以旋耕2遍、覆土1档、株距为7.2 cm的产量最高,产量构成较为合理:基本苗为24.0万株/hm2,每株有效角果数为293.5个,群体角果数为7 017.0万个/hm2,每角粒数为10.01粒,千粒重为2.18 g。[结论]该研究可为上海农场大面积推广直播青菜机械化栽培提供技术参考。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the close planting technique which matched the direct seeding vegetable cultivation. [Method] With the green variety “Suzhou Qing 2” as the test variety and direct sowing by the Netherlands AL-640-SNT vegetable air suction precision sowing machine, four kinds of direct sowing distance were designed under the conditions of 12 kinds of land preparation and sowing combination, The effects of direct seeding density on morphological characteristics, yield and composition of direct seeding cabbage were studied. [Result] With the same land preparation method and sowing depth, with the increase of direct seeding density, the stem diameter, plant height, branch number per plant, effective pods per plant, 1000 - grain weight, The plant weight showed a decreasing trend, but the numbers of population branches and population of pods increased. With the deepening of sowing depth, the plant height, the number of pods per plant and the number of pods in the population showed a decreasing trend, while the 1000-kernel weight showed an upward trend , The remaining indicators and site preparation, sowing no significant correlation. The results showed that the yield was the highest with the rotation of 2 times, the first covering of soil and the second planting of 7.2 cm, and the yield was reasonable. The basic seedling was 240,000 plants / hm2, the effective fruit number per plant was 293.5, and the population of fruit pod was 70.17 million A / hm2, the number of grains per corner of 10.01, 1000 grain weight of 2.18 g. [Conclusion] This research could provide a technical reference for popularizing the broadcast cultivation of mechanized vegetables in Shanghai on a large scale.