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一、生态系统服务的概念与意义人类生存与发展所需要的资源,归根结底都来源于自然生态系统。自然生态系统不仅可以为我们的生存直接提供各种原料或产品(食品、水、氧气、木材、纤维等),而且在大尺度上具有调节气候、净化污染、涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙、减轻灾害、保护生物多样性等功能,进而为人类的生存与发展提供良好的生态环境。对人类生存与生活质量有贡献的所有生态系统产品和服务统称为生态系统服务。已有的研究与实践表明,自然生态系统的具体功能虽然人工可以替代(如污水净化、土壤修复
I. Concepts and Significance of Ecosystem Services The resources needed for human survival and development come, in the final analysis, from the natural ecosystem. Natural ecosystems can not only directly provide various raw materials or products (food, water, oxygen, wood, fiber, etc.) for our survival, but also regulate climate, purify pollution, conserve water resources, maintain water and soil, prevent wind and sand, and Disaster reduction, biodiversity conservation, and other functions provide a good ecological environment for human survival and development. All ecosystem products and services that contribute to human survival and quality of life are collectively referred to as ecosystem services. Existing studies and practices have shown that the specific functions of natural ecosystems can be replaced by artificial ones (such as sewage purification and soil remediation).