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目的探讨济南市历城区托幼机构手足口病聚集性疫情的流行病学特征和影响因素,为疫情控制提供参考。方法应用描述流行病学方法,对济南市历城区2011年托幼机构手足口病聚集性疫情进行分析。结果2011年1-12月,济南市历城区共发生45起托幼机构手足口病聚集性疫情,发病266例,平均罹患率为2.40%。病例均为轻型。发病以3～4岁儿童为主,占发病总数的76.32%。发病高峰4-7月。采样24起,采集粪便标本52份,肠道病毒71型(EV71)阳性29份(55.77%),柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)阳性12份(23.08%),其他肠道病毒(PE)感染6份(11.54%)。首例病例发病时间-就诊时间间隔平均1 d。疫情平均持续7 d。结论疫情持续时间与托幼机构停课及时性之间有统计学相关性(r=0.494,P=0.001)。不同病原学型别引起的疫情持续时间差异无统计学意义(F=0.799,P=0.466)。加强托幼机构手足口病监测,及早识别首例病例,严格隔离传染源,把好消毒关、及时采取停课措施,是控制疫情的关键。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of HFMD cluster epidemic in kindergartens in Li Cheng District of Jinan City and provide reference for the control of the epidemic. Methods Epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the aggregated outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease in kindergartens and nurseries in Licheng District, Jinan City in 2011. Results From Jan. to Dec. 2011, there were 45 outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease in 266 kindergartens in Licheng District of Jinan City. There were 266 cases with an average attack rate of 2.40%. All cases were light. The incidence of children aged 3 to 4, accounting for 76.32% of the total incidence. Peak incidence from April to July. A total of 52 samples of stool samples were collected, of which 29 (55.77%) were positive for enterovirus 71 (EV71), 12 (23.08%) were positive for Cox A16 and 23.08% for other enteroviruses (PE) infected 6 (11.54%). The first case onset time - the average time between visits 1 d. The epidemic lasted for an average of 7 days. Conclusion There is a statistically significant correlation between the duration of the outbreak and the prompt closure of nurseries (r = 0.494, P = 0.001). The duration of the outbreaks caused by different etiological types was not statistically different (F = 0.799, P = 0.466). Strengthen the monitoring of hand-foot-mouth disease in nurseries and nurseries, identify the first case as soon as possible, strictly isolate the source of infection, take a good disinfection and promptly take the suspension measures, which is the key to controlling the epidemic.