Ultrahigh density inside a nanobubble

来源 :中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版) | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:killsmagicer
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Gas bubbles are very common in our daily life and are often seen in water and beer.For a large gas bubble in a liquid, the pressure difference ΔP within and outside the bubble is governed by the Laplace equation ΔP =γ/R, where γ is the surface tension at the interface between the bubble and liquid, and R is the bubble radius.Clearly, for tiny bubbles, inner gas pressure will be very high;thus, the bubbles will be unstable and rapidly dissolve in water.For example, a bubble with a radius of 10 nm will have the inner pressure of 1.459×107 Pa [1].Surprisingly, in 2000, Lou et al.[2] have reported their direct experimental observation of bubbles at the nanometer level (named as nanobubbles) on hydrophobic graphite or hydrophilic mica surfaces in water by atomic force microscopy.Those nanobubbles were stable overnight and for several days.Later, nanobubbles have been widely observed on various surfaces and even in bulk water and have attracted great attention [3].Currently, a series of international conferences focused on nanobubbles and their applications have been founded.There are wide applications based on nanobubbles, such as wastewater recovering, aquaculture, agricultural planting, surface cleaning, mineral floating, and healthcare.Recently, nanobubbles have been used to explain a mystery puzzled us for over a century, i.e., anesthetics caused by inert gases [4].
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