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乌头Aconitum carmichaeli是传统的大宗中药材之一,广泛种植于四川省江油市,所释放的化感物质严重影响周围和后茬作物的生长发育。试验以当地种植乌头的后茬牧草白三叶、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿为材料,研究了乌头块根浸提液(ETR)浸种对种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,牧草品种不同,种子发芽和幼苗生长对ETR浓度的响应也不一样。低浓度的ETR(0.01 g·L-1)促进紫花苜蓿种子发芽,ETR 1.00 g·L-1对3种牧草的种子发芽率均有抑制作用。用高浓度的ETR(1.00 g·L-1)浸种,苗高的最大降幅为:紫花苜蓿(42.05%)≥白三叶(40.21%)>黑麦草(10.64%)。因此,在乌头-牧草种植体系中,选择对ETR相对不敏感的黑麦草有益于减轻乌头产生的化感效应,提高土地整体生产力。随ETR浸种浓度提高,抑制牧草种子中的蛋白质、淀粉和肌醇磷酸盐水解,降低游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和可溶性磷含量,进而影响种子发芽。此外,高浓度的ETR还显著降低牧草幼苗的根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性和叶绿素含量,说明ETR中的化感成分可抑制养分吸收,硝酸盐同化和光合作用,妨碍幼苗生长。
Aconitum carmichaeli is one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines widely planted in Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province. The allelochemicals released have a serious impact on the growth and development of surrounding and subsequent crop plants. The experiment was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of seed soaking with Aconitum root tuber (ETR) on the seed germination and seedling growth of the cultivated Aconitum officinale Cunninghamia Lanceolata, ryegrass and alfalfa. The results showed that the response of ETR concentration was different for different forage varieties, seed germination and seedling growth. Low concentration of ETR (0.01 g · L-1) promoted alfalfa seed germination. ETR 1.00 g · L-1 inhibited the seed germination rate of three species of forage grass. Soaking with high concentration of ETR (1.00 g · L -1), the maximum decrease of seedling height was: alfalfa (42.05%) ≥ white clover (40.21%)> ryegrass (10.64%). Therefore, selecting the ryegrass that is relatively insensitive to ETR in the aconite-pasture planting system is beneficial to alleviating the allelopathic effects of aconite and increasing the overall productivity of the land. With the increase of seed soaking concentration of ETR, the hydrolysis of protein, starch and inositol phosphate in forage seeds was inhibited, and the content of free amino acids, soluble sugar and soluble phosphorus were decreased, which in turn affected the seed germination. In addition, the high concentration of ETR also significantly reduced the root activity, nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content of forage seedlings, indicating that the allelochemicals in ETR can inhibit nutrient absorption, nitrate assimilation and photosynthesis, impede seedling growth.