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介绍了一种简单、新颖、环保的制备甲壳素/多壁碳纳米管复合电极的工艺方法。先利用一次研磨法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维(CNFs),纤维直径分布在10~30 nm之间;然后使用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为多壁碳纳米管的分散剂,通过超声混合法制备CNFs/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合电极;再使用扫描电镜、力学试验机、四探针、热机械分析仪、电化学工作站等对材料性能进行测试。结果表明,CNFs/CNTs复合薄膜内部纤维相互交织,呈现三维网状结构。在此复合物中,甲壳素起到了增强力学性能和抑制碳纳米管团聚的作用,力学性能随着碳纳米管含量的增加而降低,拉伸强度和杨氏模量低至46.23 MPa和1.18 GPa,相比于甲壳素纯膜(113.48 MPa和3.72 GPa)分别减少了59.3%和68.3%。热膨胀系数从2.84×10-5m/K降至3.42×10-6m/K,仅有甲壳素纯膜的12%。CNFs/CNTs复合材料的电导率(1 471.9 S/m)显著提高且电化学性能优异,电容量在经过1 000次充放电循环之后依然保持在99%以上,在扫描速率为10 m V/s时,复合薄膜的电容量达到48.1 F/g。制得的柔性电极材料,成本低廉且环保,今后在便携可折叠装置和固态超级电容器电极方面均具有巨大的应用潜力。
A simple, novel and environmentally friendly process for the preparation of chitin / multi-walled carbon nanotube composite electrodes was introduced. Firstly, chitin nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by one grinding method. The fiber diameter was distributed between 10 and 30 nm. SDBS was then used as dispersant for multi-walled carbon nanotubes CNFs / carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite electrodes were prepared by ultrasonic mixing method. The properties of the materials were tested by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing machine, four probe, thermomechanical analyzer and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the internal fibers of CNFs / CNTs composite films are intertwined and exhibit three-dimensional network structure. In this composite, chitin played a role in enhancing the mechanical properties and inhibiting the agglomeration of carbon nanotubes. The mechanical properties decreased with the increase of the content of carbon nanotubes. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus were as low as 46.23 MPa and 1.18 GPa Compared with pure chitin film (113.48 MPa and 3.72 GPa), they decreased by 59.3% and 68.3% respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient decreased from 2.84 × 10-5m / K to 3.42 × 10-6m / K, only 12% of chitin pure membrane. The conductivity of CNFs / CNTs composites (1 471.9 S / m) was significantly improved and the electrochemical performance was excellent. The capacitance of CNFs / CNTs composites remained above 99% after 1 000 cycles of charging and discharging. At a scan rate of 10 mV / s The composite film has a capacity of 48.1 F / g. The obtained flexible electrode material has the advantages of low cost and environmental protection, and has great potential for application in portable foldable devices and solid super capacitor electrodes in the future.