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和平时期和武装冲突期间都可能发生对平民的驱逐和强迫迁移,保护平民是国际人道法的基本原则,《日内瓦第四公约》《日内瓦公约第一附件议定书》和《日内瓦公约第二附加议定书》均禁止对平民进行驱逐或移送,除非出于迫切的军事必要或安全理由,国际刑法也规定驱逐或迁移平民构成危害人类罪、战争罪和灭绝种族罪,而且相关国际司法机构也对此类犯罪进行了审判,但是其惩处还远远不够。冷战后国内武装冲突大量爆发,造成大量的国内流离失所者,使国际社会面临严重的人道挑战。为解决此问题,《联合国国内流离失所者指导原则》及《坎帕拉公约》对禁止驱逐和强迫迁移平民作了许多具体规定。国际社会应敦促武装冲突各方遵守禁止驱逐和迁移平民的有关国际人道法规范,并加强对此类犯罪的惩处。
The deportation and forced eviction of civilians may occur during peacetime and during armed conflicts. The protection of civilians is the basic principle of international humanitarian law. The Fourth Geneva Convention, Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, and Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions, Prohibits the deportation or transfer of civilians unless there is an imminent military necessity or security justification, and international criminal law also provides that the expulsion or relocation of civilians constitutes a crime against humanity, war crimes and genocide and that the relevant international judicial bodies commit such crimes A trial was conducted, but its punishment is far from enough. After the cold war, a large number of internal armed conflicts broke out, causing a large number of internally displaced persons and putting the international community under serious humanitarian challenges. To solve this problem, the UN Guidelines for Internally Displaced Persons and the Kampala Convention set out many specific provisions on the prohibition of the expulsion and forced evictions of civilians. The international community should urge all parties to armed conflict to abide by the relevant norms of international humanitarian law that prohibit the expulsion and relocation of civilians and to increase the penalties for such crimes.