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【目的】分析陕西省2006-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡水平和趋势变化,提出干预措施。【方法】收集2006-2011年陕西省5岁以下儿童生命监测结果资料,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行样本资料的统计描述,采用年估计变化百分比(estimating annual percent change,EAPC)来评价儿童死亡指标的时间变化趋势。【结果】1)2011年陕西省5岁以下儿童死亡率为12.74‰,较2006(27.66‰)下降了53.9%;2011年城市、农村5岁以下儿童死亡率分别是9.45‰和13.49‰。2006年城市、农村5岁以下儿童死亡率分别是9.22‰和34.86‰,城市、农村5岁以下儿童死亡率差距在不断缩小;2)2006-2011年陕西省5岁以下儿童的肺炎死亡率有明显下降趋势,出生窒息、早产和低体重已成为5岁以下儿童死亡的主要病因;3)5岁以下儿童死亡趋势分析:全省和农村地区的5岁以下儿童死亡率与年代之间有负相关性(P<0.05),其年估计百分比变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而城市地区儿童死亡率与年代之间无相关性。【结论】陕西省5岁以下儿童死亡率总体呈逐年下降趋势,但城市地区儿童死亡率波动较大,需加强监测和干预;儿童死因中,感染性疾病(如肺炎和腹泻等)逐步得到控制,但非感染性疾病(如出生窒息和早产/低出生体重)的比例不断增加,需要加强综合干预。
【Objective】 To analyze the change of death level and trend of children under 5 years of age in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2011, and propose intervention measures. 【Method】 The data of life monitoring results of children under 5 years of age in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2011 were collected. The statistical data of samples were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical software, and the estimated annual percent change (EAPC) Time trend. 【Results】 1) The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Shaanxi Province in 2011 was 12.74 ‰, down 53.9% from 2006 (27.66 ‰). In 2011, the mortality rates of children under 5 years of age in urban and rural areas were 9.45 ‰ and 13.49 ‰, respectively. In 2006, the death rates of children under 5 in urban areas and rural areas were 9.22 ‰ and 34.86 ‰, respectively. The gap between the urban and rural areas under 5 years of age was still narrowing. 2) The mortality rate of pneumonia among children under 5 in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2011 was The obvious downward trend, birth asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight have become the major causes of death among children under 5 years of age; 3) Analysis of the death trend of children under 5 years old: the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in the province and rural areas is negative (P <0.05). The annual percentage change was statistically significant (P <0.05), while there was no correlation between age and child mortality in urban areas. 【Conclusion】 The overall mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Shaanxi Province is decreasing year by year. However, the mortality rate in urban areas fluctuates greatly. Monitoring and interventions need to be strengthened. Infectious diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea are gradually controlled However, the proportion of non-infectious diseases (such as birth asphyxia and premature birth / low birth weight) continues to increase, and there is a need for more comprehensive interventions.