诊断本病的流行特征为有明显的季节性、严格的地区性和高度的散发性等。临床表现为起病急、有发热、“三痛(头痛、眼眶痛、腰痛)”、呕吐、酒醉面容、皮肤、粘膜下出血点、球结合膜水肿,以及血象变化和尿内出现大量蛋白等,须与下列疾病作鉴别诊断。一、流行性感冒 (一)本病的流行特征与流感的流行特征不符。 (二)本批病人的全身中毒症状比流感严重,且很多人无咳嗽、流涕等上呼吸道症状。 (三)流感病人一般无明显的酒醉面容、球结合膜水肿以及皮肤、粘膜下的出血点等。 (四)流感病人的尿内不会出现大量蛋白。二、流行性脑脊髓膜炎 (一)流脑传播速度快,往往在较短时间内出现爆发流行,多发生在新兵,且无严格地区性。本批流行中,多呈散发,新、老兵之间发病率无明显差别,而与居住地区密切 The prevalence of the diagnosis of the disease characterized by significant seasonal, strict regional and highly sporadic and so on. Clinical manifestations of acute onset, fever, “three pain (headache, orbital pain, back pain)”, vomiting, drunkenness, skin, submucosal bleeding, conjunctival edema, and changes in blood and urine appear A large number of proteins, etc., with the following diseases for differential diagnosis. First, the flu (A) The prevalence of the disease does not match the prevalence of influenza characteristics. (B) The symptoms of systemic poisoning in this group of patients are more serious than flu and many people have no upper respiratory symptoms such as cough and runny nose. (C) of the flu patients generally no obvious drunk face, the ball combined with membrane edema and skin, submucosal bleeding and so on. (D) of the flu in patients with urine will not appear a lot of protein. Second, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (A) The spread of meningitis fast, often in a short period of time outbreaks occur, mostly in recruits, and no strict regional. The epidemic, mostly distributed, the new veterans no significant difference between the incidence, and close to the living area