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作为MRI领域新兴的检查手段,弥散加权成像利用布朗运动原理,其实质是一种能反映活体组织内水分子扩散运动的成像技术,通过水分子的微观运动反映机体组织结构的生理、病理状态。表观弥散系数的提出为肿瘤的诊断和评价创造了条件。本文综述了弥散加权成像在脑胶质瘤、转移瘤、中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,肝脏良恶性肿瘤以及乳腺良恶性肿瘤中的不同表现,以期为鉴别诊断提供依据。不同的肿瘤治疗手段改变了肿瘤细胞膜的完整性以及细胞的构成度。由于凋亡小体和细胞缺失增加了间质间隙的空间容积,在损伤的肿瘤组织中增加了水的流动(弥散)。MRIDWI基于水分子的流动性,可以提供治疗效果的分子指标。MRIDWI检测治疗所致改变的敏感性可以通过测量表观弥散系数值来观察到。
As an emerging examination method in MRI field, diffusion-weighted imaging utilizes the Brownian motion principle. Its essence is an imaging technique that can reflect the movement of water molecules in living tissues. The microscopic movement of water molecules reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the tissue structure. Apparent diffusion coefficient for the diagnosis and evaluation of the tumor to create the conditions. This review summarizes the different manifestations of diffusion-weighted imaging in gliomas, metastases, central nervous system lymphoma, benign and malignant tumors of the liver and benign and malignant tumors of the breast in order to provide a basis for differential diagnosis. Different oncology treatments alter the integrity of the tumor cell membrane and the degree of cell formation. As apoptotic bodies and cell loss increase the spatial volume of the interstitial space, the flow (dispersion) of water is increased in the damaged tumor tissue. MRIDWI is based on the molecular mobility of water molecules and can provide molecular indications of therapeutic effects. The sensitivity of MRIDWI to detect treatment-induced changes can be observed by measuring apparent diffusion coefficient values.