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采用超塑成形工艺制备了1420铝锂合金盒形结构试验件。通过有限元模拟及微观组织观察,分析了温度对1420铝锂合金超塑性的影响,超塑成形后试验件的壁厚分布及材料的超塑成形断裂机制。结果表明:有限元模拟能够很好地预测超塑成形后试验件的壁厚分布;当成形温度为520℃时,1420铝锂合金表现出良好的超塑性变形能力;在超塑成形过程中,随着变形量的增加,材料内部空洞的交连和聚合是导致1420铝锂合金最终破坏的主要机制。
The 1420 Al-Li alloy box structure test piece was prepared by superplastic forming process. Through the finite element simulation and microstructure observation, the influence of temperature on the superplasticity of 1420 Al-Li alloy, the thickness distribution of the superplastic forming test piece and the superplastic forming fracture mechanism of the material were analyzed. The results show that the finite element simulation can well predict the wall thickness distribution of the superplastic forming test specimen. When the forming temperature is 520 ℃, the 1420 Al-Li alloy exhibits good superplastic deformation ability. During the superplastic forming process, As the amount of deformation increases, the interconnection and polymerization of the material’s internal cavities are the main mechanism leading to the final destruction of the 1420 Al-Li alloy.