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为了探索甘蓝蜡粉缺失突变体的特征特性和实际应用价值,对不同类型的5份甘蓝蜡粉缺失突变体进行了研究。叶表超微结构观察及蜡粉成分分析发现:突变体叶表面蜡粉严重缺失,其蜡粉量仅约为野生型的30%;野生型叶表蜡粉晶体结构主要为柱状和线状,而突变体主要为颗粒状和短棒状;野生型叶表蜡粉成分主要为烷烃、脂肪酸、醇、醛和酮,而突变体主要缺失成分为烷烃和酮,推测突变体蜡粉合成途径中的烷烃合成途径受阻,从而表现为蜡粉缺失。突变体的叶绿素浸出率和叶片失水率均显著高于其野生型,说明其叶片角质层透性增加。植株生长曲线的测定结果显示:突变体1和突变体3与其野生型相比生长相对滞后,生长势稍弱,而突变体2的生长与其野生型无显著差异。农艺性状及杂种优势的调查结果表明:蜡粉缺失甘蓝叶色亮绿,商品性好,特别是突变体2,不仅球形美观且其蜡粉缺失性状为显性遗传;用纯合显性的突变体2的自交系与普通材料配制的杂交组合具有球色亮绿、杂种优势明显的优点,实际应用价值较大。
In order to explore the characteristics of Brassica campestris L. mutant and its practical value, five different types of Brassica campestris L. deletion mutants were studied. Leaf ultrastructure observation and wax composition analysis found that the mutant leaves a serious lack of wax on the surface of the wax, the amount of wax is only about 30% of the wild-type; wild-type wax table leaf wax crystal structure mainly columnar and linear, While the mutants were mainly granular and short rod. The wax components of wild leaf were mainly alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, but the main missing components of the mutant were alkanes and ketones. Alkane synthesis pathway blocked, which showed the absence of wax powder. Mutant chlorophyll extraction rate and leaf water loss were significantly higher than its wild type, indicating that the leaf cuticle permeability increased. The results of plant growth curve showed that mutants 1 and 3 had relatively lagged growth compared with their wild type, and their growth potential was weaker. However, the growth of mutant 2 was not significantly different from that of wild type. The results of agronomic traits and heterosis showed that waxy powder had no bright green color and good commercial properties, especially mutant 2, which not only had a beautiful spherical appearance but also had a dominant inheritance of waxy loss trait. The inbred lines of body 2 and the hybrid combinations of common materials have the advantages of globular bright green and obvious heterosis, which have great practical application value.