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目的:研究家庭迁徙对儿童哮喘患病风险的影响。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法抽取武汉地区3所小学,对抽中学校的2 280例6-13岁的儿童开展问卷调查及临床体检,对儿童哮喘进行筛查。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果:资料完整纳入统计分析的儿童为2 275例,其中筛查出126例哮喘儿童,哮喘累积患病率为5.5%。本地出生儿童哮喘患病率为6.3%,市外出生为3.2%,异地出生患病率为1.8%,组间差异具有显著性(χ2=9.860,P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,非本地出生儿童哮喘患病风险较本地出生儿童低(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.25-0.84);女童风险低(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.45-0.98);有湿疹(OR=6.39,95%CI:4.31-9.47)、药物过敏(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.88-4.54)和父母过敏史(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.03-2.79)的儿童哮喘患病风险较高。结论:迁徙是武汉市儿童哮喘患病的保护因素,应重视本地孕妇的健康管理,并增加儿童课外活动内容,以预防儿童哮喘发病。
Objective: To study the impact of family migration on the risk of childhood asthma. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to collect three primary schools in Wuhan, and questionnaires and clinical examinations were conducted on 2,280 infants and 6-13-year-olds in secondary schools. The screening of childhood asthma was conducted. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: There were 2 275 children whose data were completely included in the statistical analysis. Of 126 children with asthma screened out, the cumulative prevalence of asthma was 5.5%. The prevalence of asthma was 6.3% in local born children, 3.2% in born city and 1.8% in other places. The difference between the two groups was significant (χ2 = 9.860, P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of asthma in non-native born children was lower than that of local born children (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25-0.84); girls were at low risk (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.98); Children with eczema (OR = 6.39, 95% CI: 4.31-9.47), drug allergy (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.88-4.54) and parents with anaphylaxis (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.03-2.79) Asthma is at a higher risk. Conclusion: Migration is the protective factor of childhood asthma in Wuhan. We should pay attention to the health management of local pregnant women and increase the extracurricular activity of children in order to prevent the onset of childhood asthma.