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上海城市方言有五种疑问句式:①V+伐?;②V+勿+V?;③阿+V?;④阿+V+伐?;⑤阿+V+勿+V?。这五种句式在语义上完全等义,从社会语言学角度可构成上海方言“疑问变项(interrogative variable)”的五个变体(variant)。其中:①是上海原有、主要的形式;②是在上海开埠之初已开始出现的形式;③是上世纪20、30年代受苏州话影响而借来的形式;④是①和③的杂糅形式;⑤则是②和③的杂糅形式。本次调查从七种社会变项(socialvariable)入手,如年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、收入层次、生活区域、家庭成员移民背景等,以“滚雪球”手段,问卷方式取样,统计分析七种社会变项对疑问句式使用的限制性。
Shanghai urban dialect has five questions sentence: ① V + cutting ?; V + Do not + V ?; A + V ?; ④ A + V + cutting?; A + V + Do not + V ?. These five kinds of sentences are completely equal in semantics, and from the perspective of sociolinguistics, they can form five variations of the Shanghai dialect “interrogative variable”. Among them: ① is the original form of Shanghai; ② is the form that has begun to appear at the beginning of Shanghai; ③ is the form borrowed from the influence of Suzhou dialect in the 1920s and 1930s; ④ is ① and ③ Hybrid form; ⑤ is ② and ③ hybrid form. The survey started with seven social variables: age, gender, occupation, educational level, income level, living area and family members’ immigrant background. The survey was conducted on the basis of “snowball” method, questionnaire sampling and statistical analysis Restrictions on the Use of Interrogative Sentences by Seven Kinds of Social Variables.