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公路的测设、施工和养护是一个统一的整体,目的都是为运输生产服务。但为了工作上的需要,这三个阶段的工作往往是由三个不同的部门分别进行的。可是,由于有了分工却产生了很多问题。以下试就养路工作中的体会,对测设和施工部门提出几点意见。 (1)行车密度:一条公路的兴建,往往要集中大批人力、物力,经过相当长的时间才能完成。施工的好坏对于养护和运输有直接影响,因此,在测设时需要考虑到施工和养护的双重关系。又因为修筑一条公路,在使用上发生长远的效果,所以测设时应根据日后行车密度来选用等级。“公路工程设计准则”(以下简称准则)中规定选择公路等级要考虑十年以后交通量的发展。但是,实践证明,十年以后行车密度的远景规划往往与实际数字有很大的出入;就是三、四年内行车密度陡增几十倍的,也屡见不鲜。因此,在设计文件中,应多考虑可能遇到的变化因素,除一般的行车密度远景规划外,还需要有超过指标的一套后备计划。这样,在逐步提高路等(或需改建)时,可以减少测设工作。如某
The measurement, construction and maintenance of the highway are a unified whole with the purpose of providing transportation and service. However, in order to meet the needs of work, the work in these three stages is often carried out separately by three different departments. However, a lot of problems have arisen due to the division of labor. The following road maintenance work on the experience of measuring and construction department made a few comments. (1) traffic density: the construction of a highway, often to concentrate a large number of manpower and material resources, after a considerable period of time to complete. Construction is good or bad for the conservation and transport have a direct impact, therefore, in the test set needs to take into account the construction and maintenance of the dual relationship. And because of the construction of a road, the use of long-term results, so the test set should be based on the future traffic density to choose the level. “Highway Engineering Design Guidelines” (hereinafter referred to as the guidelines) provides for the selection of highway level to consider the development of traffic after ten years. However, practice proves that long-term planning of driving density ten years later often has a big discrepancy with the actual figure; that is, it is not uncommon for the driving density to increase tens of times in three or four years. Therefore, in the design documents, more consideration should be given to the possible factors that may be encountered. In addition to the general vision of driving density, there is also a set of backup plans that exceed the targets. In this way, it is possible to reduce the surveying and mapping work as the roads are gradually raised (or need to be rebuilt). Such as a