后发展国家的现代化往往是由旧式或新式的上层精英集团所主导。精英集团对于现代化的启动具有重要意义,通过统制式现代化道路,可以取得巨大的经济成就。但这种模式有其自身缺陷,精英集团出于其能力和意愿,很难领导国家走向真正的现代化。俄国现代化历程对开始于1861年农奴制改革的俄国(苏联)现代化进程中的精英集团的影响作出分析。 The modernization of post-development countries is often dominated by old or new elite groups. The elite group is of great significance to the launching of modernization and can achieve enormous economic success through the system of state-controlled modernization. However, this model has its own shortcomings. It is very difficult for the elite group to lead the country toward real modernization because of its ability and willingness. The course of Russian modernization analyzes the influence of the elite blocs in the modernization of Russia (the Soviet Union) that began with serfdom reform in 1861.